GCSE Philosophy and Ethics Practice Exam

What is one Catholic response to evidence against the cosmological argument?

1. A rejection of evolution

2. A rejection of infinite chains of cause and effect

3. Acceptance of scientific explanations such as the Big Bang

4. Belief that the universe is an illusion

The correct answer is: A rejection of infinite chains of cause and effect

The response that indicates a rejection of infinite chains of cause and effect aligns with a common Catholic position regarding the cosmological argument. This philosophical argument posits that everything that exists has a cause, and ultimately, there must be a first cause, which is identified as God. By rejecting the idea of infinite regress in cause and effect, Catholics affirm the necessity of a starting point or an uncaused cause, which upholds their theological views about God's role as the creator of the universe. This perspective is integral to Catholic teachings, which maintain that God is the ultimate source of all that exists. The other responses do not reflect the typical Catholic stance on the cosmological argument. Rejection of evolution, for example, is not a universal Catholic view; many Catholics accept evolution as compatible with their faith. Acceptance of scientific explanations such as the Big Bang does not specifically counter the cosmological argument, as many Catholics see no conflict between science and faith. Lastly, the belief that the universe is an illusion is generally contrary to Catholic doctrine, which appreciates the reality of creation.