GCSE Philosophy and Ethics Practice Exam

Which philosopher argued that a total explanation of the universe's existence is impossible?

1. Bertrand Russell

2. David Hume

3. John Stuart Mill

4. René Descartes

The correct answer is: Bertrand Russell

Bertrand Russell is well-known for his views on the limitations of human understanding regarding the universe's existence. He contended that while we can have significant knowledge about the universe through science and reason, a total explanation that covers all aspects of being and existence is beyond human grasp. Russell's skepticism about the ability of philosophy and religion to provide comprehensive answers argues that the complexity of existence defies our attempts to fully rationalize why the universe is the way it is. This perspective is rooted in his broader philosophical stance that emphasizes empiricism and the importance of scientific inquiry while acknowledging the inherent limits of human knowledge. Other thinkers mentioned have their philosophies, but they don't specifically align with the assertion that a total explanation of the universe's existence is impossible in the same nuanced way that Russell articulates.